Zenziwa phi iiDiskhi zeBrake?

Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba zenziwa phi iidiski zebrake, eli nqaku linokukunceda ukuba uqonde le nxalenye ibalulekileyo yeemoto.Iidiski zeBrake zenziwe ngezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziquka intsimbi, i-ceramic composite, i-carbon fiber, kunye nentsimbi.Funda ngakumbi malunga nesixhobo ngasinye ukuze uqonde indlela ezenziwe ngayo.Oku kuya kukwenza ukuxhotyiswe ngcono ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nemveliso ekufuneka uyithenge.Kwakhona, siza kuchaza umahluko phakathi kwezi zixhobo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.

Intsimbi

Ukuba ujonge idiskhi yentsimbi yebrake, ufike kwindawo elungileyo.Ezi diski azisebenzi ngokugqibeleleyo kuphela, zikwafikeleleka kakhulu.Iidiski zeziqhoboshi zentsimbi zenziwe kusetyenziswa intsimbi eqanjiweyo, ekwaziyo ukumelana ne-hydrochloric acid.Abaqambi bangoku basebenzise le ntsimbi ukwenza iidiski zebhuleki ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokuqina kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-abrasion.Iialloyi ezisetyenziswa kwiidiski zentsimbi zebrake zisekelwe kwikhabhoni, ichromium, kunye nesilicon, nto leyo inika ukuqina okugqwesileyo.

Ukudibaniswa kwee-alloys ezimbini kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kweediski ze-brake.I-A357 / SiC AMMC ephezulu iphakamisa ubude, ngelixa i-friction stiring processing icokisa amaqhekeza e-intermetallic ukunciphisa ukuqhekeka.Esi sixhobo sinamandla aphezulu, abonelela ngokuqina okufunwa ngumzimba we-brake disc.Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nentsimbi, iidiski ze-hybrid composite zinokuxhathisa ngcono ukunxiba.Eyona nto ifaneleka kakhulu kwizicelo apho ukuxhatshazwa okugqithisileyo kufunwa.

Iidiski zeziqhoboshi zentsimbi nazo ziyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kuneephedi zokuqhobosha.Ngaphezu koko, zingabizi kakhulu kunezinye iindlela.Ungagcina imali eninzi ngokuthenga iidiski zebrake ezintsha kraca.Iidiski ze-Steel brake zingahlala ixesha elide kunye neebhedi ezifanelekileyo.Le nkqubo iya kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwi-brake kwaye iya kuthintela naluphi na uhlobo lomonakalo ukuba lwenzeke.Kodwa, ayikho ngaphandle kwayo.Umzekelo, ukuba unediski ene-cementite inclusions, akunakukwazi ukuyilungisa kwakhona.

Izinto ezisetyenziswe kwiidiski zentsimbi kufuneka zenziwe kwakhona kwii-ceramics ezikwazi ukuchasana nomonakalo wokushisa.Ukongezelela, iinqununu ze-ceramic kufuneka zibe ngabaqhubi abalungileyo be-thermal.Izinga lokutshintshwa kobushushu limisela ukushisa okusebenzayo kwendawo yoqhagamshelwano yediski.Xa uthenga idiskhi entsha yentsimbi, unokufumana iwaranti yayo ukuba ufuna ukuyibuyisela endaweni yayo.Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni iidiski zentsimbi zinokuba lukhetho olungcono.

I-Ceramic composite

Ikamva le-ceramic brake discs liqaqambile.Ezi diski zinamandla okuphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha ngelixa ngaxeshanye zinciphisa imigama yokumisa.Ukuze kuphuhliswe ezi ziqhoboshi, kufuneka inkqubo yovavanyo olubanzi endleleni kunye nokulandelela umkhondo.Ngethuba le nkqubo, umthwalo we-thermal obekwe kwi-disc brake ulinganiswa ngeendlela eziphathekayo kunye neekhemikhali.Imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu inokuguqulwa okanye ingaguquki ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-brake pad kunye neemeko zokusebenza.

Icala elisezantsi kwii-CMCs kukuba zibiza ngoku.Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokusebenza kwabo okuphezulu, aziqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwiimoto zentengiso enkulu.Nangona imathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenzisiweyo ayibizi, iindleko zisephezulu, kwaye njengoko iiCMCs zizuza ekuthandeni, amaxabiso kufuneka ehle.Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-CMCs zivelisa kuphela ubushushu obuncinci, kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal yeediski ze-brake kunokunciphisa izinto.Ukuqhekeka kunokuthi kwenzeke kumphezulu, kubangele ukuba idiski yebhuleki ingasebenzi.

Nangona kunjalo, iidiski ze-carbon-ceramic brake zibiza kakhulu.Ukuveliswa kwezi diski kunokuthatha iintsuku ezingama-20.Ezi diski zebrake zikhaphukhaphu kakhulu, nto leyo edibanisa neemoto ezikhaphukhaphu.Nangona i-carbon-ceramic brake discs ayinakuba yinto efanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimoto, i-lightweight kunye nendalo ehlala ihleli yezinto eziphathekayo ibenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiimoto zokusebenza eziphezulu.Ngokubanzi, ixabiso le-ceramic composite discs limalunga nesiqingatha seendleko zeediski zetsimbi.

Iidiski zeCarbon-carbon brake ziyabiza, kwaye umonakalo yinkxalabo yezi diski zeziqhoboshi.Iidiski zekhabhoni zeceramic zikrweleka kakhulu, kwaye abavelisi bacebisa ukuba upheyithe ezi diski ngezinto ezikhuselayo.Ezinye iikhemikhali ezichaza iikhemikhali kunye nezicoci zamavili ekhemikhali zingonakalisa iidiski ze-carbon ceramic.Iidiski zeCarbon ceramic nazo zinokukrwela kwaye zenze ukuba i-carbon splinters yenze eluswini lwakho.Kwaye ukuba awulumkanga, i-carbon-ceramic disc ingaphelela emathangeni akho.

Jula i-ayini

Inkqubo ye-zinc coating cast iron brake discs ayintsha.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvelisa, i-disc ihlanjululwa ngentsimbi epholileyo ye-angular grit kwaye i-zinc layer isetyenziswa.Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-sherardizing.Kule nkqubo, i-arc yombane inyibilika i-zinc powder okanye ucingo kwi-drum kwaye iprojekthi kwi-disc surface.Kuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-2 ukuba i-sherardize idiski ye-brake.Imilinganiselo yayo yi-intshi eyi-10.6 ububanzi nge-1/2 intshi ubukhulu.Iipakethi zebhuleki ziya kusebenza kwi-intshi ye-2.65 yangaphandle yediski.

Nangona iidiski zeziqhoboshi zentsimbi zisasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iimoto, abavelisi baya bekhangela enye imathiriyeli yokwenza ezi mveliso.Umzekelo, iinxalenye zebrake ezikhaphukhaphu zinokwenza i-braking isebenze phezulu kwaye inciphise ubunzima bemoto.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso labo linokuthelekiswa neziqhoboshi zentsimbi.Indibaniselwano yezixhobo ezitsha lolona khetho lubalaseleyo lokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha esithuthi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.Apha ngezantsi kudweliswe ezinye izibonelelo zeediski ze-aluminiyam-based brake.

Ngokommandla, imakethi yehlabathi yeediski ze-iron brake discs yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu amakhulu: uMntla Merika, iYurophu kunye neAsia Pacific.EYurophu, imakethi iphinda yahlulwe yiFransi, iJamani, i-Itali, iSpain kunye neYurophu iphela.Kwi-Asia-Pacific, imarike yeediski zentsimbi ephothiweyo kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula kwi-CAGR engaphezulu kwe-20% ngo-2023. UMbindi Mpuma kunye ne-Afrika kulindeleke ukuba zikhule ngesantya esikhawulezayo kwiminyaka ezayo, nge-CAGR emalunga nama-30%. .Ngokukhula kweshishini leemoto, uqoqosho olusakhulayo lusanda kuthenga amavili amabini.

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zeediski ze-aluminiyam, i-iron brake discs inezinto ezimbalwa ezingalunganga.I-aluminiyam ecocekileyo i-brittle kwaye inokumelana okuphantsi kakhulu, kodwa i-alloys inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.Iidiski ze-aluminiyam ze-brake zingahlala iminyaka emininzi, ukunciphisa ubunzima obungaxutywanga nge-30% ukuya kumashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini.Kwaye zikhaphukhaphu, ziyonga imali, kwaye zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Ziyinketho engcono kunediskhi zentsimbi ezigayiweyo.

I-carbon fiber

Ngokungafaniyo neediski ze-brake zemveli, ii-carbon-carbon ziyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu.Izinto ezilukiweyo kunye nezaleko ezisekwe kwifayibha zivumela ukuba zimelane nokwanda kwe-thermal ngelixa zilula.Ezi mpawu ziyenza ilungele iidiski zebrake, ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kuthotho lomdyarho kunye neenqwelomoya.Kodwa kukwakho nee-downsides.Ukuba ufuna ukonwabela izibonelelo ze-carbon-fiber brake discs, kuya kufuneka wazi kancinci malunga nenkqubo yazo yokuvelisa.

Ngelixa iidiski ze-carbon brake zineenzuzo ezininzi kugqatso lomdyarho, azifanelekanga ukuqhuba yonke imihla.Azixhathisi kumaqondo obushushu bendlela kwaye idiskhi yekhabhoni eyiprototype ilahlekelwa ziimilimitha ezintathu ukuya kwezine zobunzima kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.Iidiski zeCarbon nazo zifuna iingubo ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela i-oxidation ye-thermal, enokubangela ukubola okukhulu.Kwaye, iidiski zekhabhoni nazo zinexabiso eliphezulu.Ukuba ujonge idiskhi ye-carbon brake ehlala ixesha elide, ekumgangatho ophezulu, cinga enye yezona zibalaseleyo kwihlabathi.

Ukongeza kwiinzuzo zokonga ubunzima, iidiski ze-carbon-ceramic brake nazo zihlala ixesha elide.Ziya kuhlala ixesha elide kuneediski ze-brake eziqhelekileyo kwaye zingahlala ubomi besithuthi.Ukuba awuqhubi yonke imihla, uya kukwazi ukusebenzisa i-carbon-ceramic brake disc enye amashumi eminyaka.Enyanisweni, iidiski ze-carbon ceramic zithathwa njengezona zizinzileyo kuneediski ze-brake zendabuko, nangona ixabiso labo eliphezulu.

I-coefficient ye-friction ye-carbon-ceramic brake discs iphezulu kuneye-cast-iron discs, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuvuselela i-braking ngepesenti ezilishumi.Umahluko weenyawo ezilishumi unokusindisa ubomi babantu, kunye nokuthintela umonakalo womzimba wemoto.Nge-braking ekhethekileyo, i-carbon-ceramic disc ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto.Ayizukunceda umqhubi kuphela, kodwa iya kuphucula nokhuseleko lwesithuthi.

phenolic resin

I-phosphoric resin luhlobo lwemathiriyeli esetyenziswa kwiidiski zeebhuleki.Iimpawu zayo ezilungileyo zokudibanisa kunye nefayibha ziyenza ibe yindawo ebalaseleyo yeasbestos.Ngokuxhomekeke kwipesenti ye-phenolic resin, iidiski ze-brake zinokuba nzima kwaye zicinezele ngakumbi.Ezi mpawu zinokusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-asbestos kwiidiski zeebhuleki.I-high-quality phenolic resin brake disc ingahlala ubomi bonke, oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso eliphantsi lokutshintshwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-phenolic resin kwiidiski ze-brake.Enye i-resin ye-thermosetting kwaye enye i-non-polar, i-non-reactive material.Zombini iintlobo zeresin zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iidiski zebrake kunye neepads.I-phenolic resin isetyenziselwa i-brake pads yorhwebo ngenxa yokuba ibola malunga ne-450 ° C, ngelixa i-polyester resin ibola kwi-250-300 ° C.

Isixa kunye nohlobo lwe-binder ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-friction ye-phenolic resin brake disc.I-phenolic resin ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakumelana nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kunezinye izinto, kodwa inokwenziwa izinze ngakumbi ngezongezo ezithile.Umzekelo, i-phenolic resin inokuguqulwa nge-cashew nut shell liquid ukuphucula ubulukhuni bayo kunye ne-friction coefficient kwi-100 °.Xa iphezulu ipesenti ye-CNSL, isezantsi i-coefficient yokukhuhlana.Nangona kunjalo, ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-resin kwandisiwe, kwaye i-fade and recovery rate yancitshiswa.

Ukunxiba kokuqala kubangela ukuba amasuntswana akhululwe kwi-resin kwaye enze iplateau yokuqala.Eli thafa liphambili lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwemathiriyeli yokukhuhlana.Le yinkqubo eguquguqukayo, apho iifayili zetsimbi kunye ne-high-tensile eqinile yobhedu okanye iincinci zobhedu zidibanisa ne-disc.La masuntswana anexabiso lobulukhuni obudlula ubulukhuni bediski.I-plateau ikwathande ukuqokelela i-micrometric kunye ne-submicrometric wear particles.