Zeziphi ezona ntlobo zi-2 zeBrake zixhaphakileyo?

Zininzi iindidi ngeendidi zeziqhoboshi.Usenokuba ukhe weva ngesiqhoboshi seDisc okanye iziqhoboshi zokuZiqhobosha.Kodwa ngaba ubusazi malunga nezona ndidi zixhaphakileyo zemigqomo yeziqhoboshi?Uya kufunda ngezi nkqubo zimbini zokuqhobosha kweli nqaku.Ukongeza, uya kufunda malunga nemithombo yokubuya kunye nomsebenzi wabo.Ngethemba, eli nqaku liza kukunceda ukuba uqonde umahluko phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini.

Iziqhoboshi zegubu

Iziqhoboshi zegubu zinezihlangu ezibini eziphambili.Omnye uyakhokela ngelixa omnye elandela.Xa isithuthi sihamba, zombini izihlangu zisebenza njengesikhokelo.Umva, iipiston kwivili ngalinye lisebenza njengokunyathela ngasemva.Izihlangu ezikhokelayo ezingamawele amabini zinepistons ezifuduka kumacala omabini.Olu hlobo lwesiqhoboshi luqhele ukufunyanwa ngasemva kwilori encinci.Nangona ukunyuswa kwecala elinye kunokubangela umthwalo wecala elilodwa kwifoloko yangaphambili, isicathulo esihamba kabini sinokhetho olungcono kwiimoto ezininzi.

Inkqubo yokuqhobosha igubu isebenzisa isilinda esijikelezayo kunye nezihlangu ezikhuhla kwindawo ekhubekileyo ukucothisa isithuthi.Izicathulo zibandakanyeka kwi-friction kunye ne-drum xa i-pedal ikhutshwe, ivelisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic.Oku kukhuhlana kubangela ukuba izihlangu zeziqhoboshi zitswine kwaye zicothise isithuthi.Esi siphumo sibizwa ngokuba "kukuzenzela."

Elinye icandelo lesiqhoboshi segubu kukuphuma kwalo.I-anchor abutment ifakwe kwi-back-plate ejongene neyunithi yokwandisa.I-anchor abutment isebenza njengehenjisi, egcina izicathulo zijikeleza kunye negubhu xa i-brake isetyenziswa.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-ankile: i-pin enye kunye ne-double-pin.Uhlobo lwangaphambili luxhaphake kakhulu kwiimoto zokukhanya.

Inqwelo-mafutha yokuqala ukusebenzisa isiqhoboshi segubu lale mihla yiMaybach.ULouis Renault wasebenzisa ulukiweyo lweasbestos elukiweyo kwidrum brake lining kuba ikhupha ubushushu ngcono kunayo nayiphi na enye into.Ezinye iimoto zisebenzisa iindidi ezingaphucukanga kangako zeziqhoboshi zamagubu.Iimodeli zangaphambili zasebenzisa iilever, iinduku, iintambo, kunye nezihlangu ezisebenza ngoomatshini.Iipistons zaziqhutywa luxinzelelo lweoyile kwicylinder encinci yevili.Ezi nkqubo zoomatshini zazixhaphakile de kwaba ngoo-1980, kodwa ezinye iimoto zaqhubeka zizisebenzisa.

Iziqhoboshi zediskhi

Umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo ze-2 ze-drum kukuba zisebenza kumgaqo ofanayo kwaye zombini zisetyenziswa kwisithuthi esifanayo.Kwimeko ye-disc brakes, nangona kunjalo, i-disc imile kwaye i-caliper ijikeleza ngokumalunga ne-rotor.Iphedi ye-brake yangaphakathi icinezelwe kwi-disc ngexesha lokuqhawula kwaye i-brake pad yangaphandle itsalwa kwi-rotor.Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-brake pads ishushu kwaye inyanzeliswa kwi-disc.Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba “yi-pad imprinting,” enegalelo kumandla okuqhobosha.

Iindawo ezishushu zeediski zinokufikelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu.Xa oku kusenzeka, isinyithi sifumana utshintsho lwesigaba.Ikhabhoni kwintsimbi inokuphuma kwintsimbi kwaye yenze imimandla ye-carbon-heavy carbide.I-Cementite, nangona kunjalo, yinto eyahlukileyo kunentsimbi etyhidiweyo kwaye iqinile kakhulu kwaye i-brittle.Kananjalo ayifaki ukushisa kakuhle, ibeka esichengeni ingqibelelo yediski.

Iziqhoboshi zediskhi zikwabizwa ngokuba ziicaliper brakes.Basebenzisa uxinzelelo lwehydraulic ukutyhala izihlangu kumphezulu ongaphakathi wegubu lebrake.Ezi ziqhoboshi yindibaniselwano yeekhalipha kunye neepiston kwaye zinokusebenzisa iipiston ezisibhozo.Iziqhoboshi zediskhi lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwamagubu eziqhoboshi.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi.Ukuba ujonge ibrake entsha, iibhuleki zedisc zingakulungela.

Iziqhoboshi zediskhi ziyohluka kwiziqhoboshi zamagubu ngeendlela ezininzi.Iziqhoboshi zediskhi zivelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokukhuhlana, okuthetha ukuba iindawo zazo azinabomi obude kakhulu.Ukongeza, inani leengxenye kwi-disc brake kwandisa amathuba okungaphumeleli.Iziqhoboshi zegubu zinokuba nomsindo kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba zisetyenziswa ngabaqhubi abangaziyo ukuba bathetha ngantoni.

Iziqhoboshi zokuziqhobosha

Zimbini iintlobo zemigqomo yebrake eziziqabela ngokwazo: ukusebenzisa ukukhuhlana kunye nokufunxa ukukhuhlana.Eyangaphambili isebenzisa izixhobo ezifaka ukukhuhlana ukunika amandla okuqhobosha, asetyenziswa kwi-pedal ngexesha lokucotha.Izigubhu ezizifakelayo zisebenzisa igubu ukuze zifake amandla, ngelixa iinkqubo zokufunxa i-friction-absorbing zisebenzisa i-rotors.Umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeziqhoboshi ulele kwindlela yazo.

Xa i-self-apply brake drums isetyenziselwa ngasemva, ibamba isithuthi xa ubunzima besithuthi butshintshela kwisihlangu esilandelanayo.Oku kunokubangelwa kukuthambeka kwethambeka okanye umva kwicala lesindululo.Kwimeko yeebhuleki ezihamba phambili, isicathulo esikhokelayo sisondele kwi-expander.Kubalulekile ukunika ingqalelo efanelekileyo ukudibanisa kwakhona i-brake xa ichithwa.Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela kwisenzo esiqatha sokuqhobosha kunye nokuvalwa okunokwenzeka.

Iziqhoboshi ezisebenza ngefriction zisebenzisa izinto ezincamathelayo ezincamathelayo ukuze zifake amandla kwigubu.Esi sixhobo sokuncamathelisa sinceda ukuba iziqhoboshi zisebenzise amandla etayara, kodwa zinokubangela ukugqwetheka kunye nokungcangcazela ngexesha lokuqhobosha.Imigqomo yeziqhoboshi esebenza ukukhuhlana nayo inokubangela ukuba umqhubi afake amandla angakumbi kwi-pedal ye-brake kunokuba kufuneka enze ukuze amise imoto.

Iindidi zegubu eziziqhobosha ngokwazo zineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: i-back-plate kunye ne-anchor abutment.I-anchor abutment, ebekwe ngokuchasene neyunithi yokwandisa, isebenza njengehenjisi yezihlangu.Le plate yangasemva inika inkxaso kwi-expander ye-cylinder kwaye isoloko yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-ribbed.I-anchor abutment ikwasebenza njengekhaka lothuli kwigubu lebrake kunye nendibano yezihlangu.

Buyisa imithombo

Umthombo wokubuya licandelo elishukumayo elisetyenziselwa ukubamba izihlangu zokuqhawuka ngasemva emva kokuba isilinda esinamavili sikhuphe uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokuqhobosha.Ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwenkqubo, imithombo yokubuyisela inokudityaniswa kuzo zombini izihlangu ezihambayo kunye nezihamba phambili okanye zifakwe kwindawo ephakathi.Ezinye iisistim zokuqhawuka kwegubu zisebenzisa intwasahlobo enye kwaye ezinye zisebenzisa intsimbi ende, eyomeleleyo yentsimbi egotywe ibe yimilo engu-U.Iziphelo ezisezantsi zentwasahlobo zixhunywe kwisicathulo esihambayo kunye neziphelo eziphezulu ze-U shape zifake kwisihlangu esikhokelayo.

Isihlangu esikhokelayo sihamba ngendlela echasene negubhu xa i-brake isetyenziswe, okubangela ukuba izicathulo zicinezele kwindawo yangaphakathi yesigubhu ngoxinzelelo olukhulu.Esi siphumo se-servo saziwa ngokuba yi-self-boosting effect.Isilinda esinamavili sigcina ipiston kunye noxinzelelo lwehydraulic lutyhala izihlangu kumphezulu ongaphakathi wegubu.Zombini ezi mithombo zibuyayo kufuneka zihlengahlengiswe rhoqo, ngoko ke zibalulekile kwinkqubo yebrake esebenzayo.

Intlakohlaza ebuyayo kunye neepiston zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zebrake yokuqhobosha igubu.Xa i-pedal ye-brake icinezelwe, i-brake fluid inyanzeliswa kwi-cylinder yevili ukutyhala izihlangu ze-brake kwigubu.Imithombo ebuyayo ibatsalela emva kwiindawo zabo zokuphumla.Xa isiqhoboshi sikhululwa, i-springs ezibuyayo zilungisa izihlangu zokuqhobosha zibuyele kwindawo.Intlakohlaza yokubuya licandelo lokugqibela lenkqubo yeziqhoboshi, kwaye lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ngelixa i-piston kunye nemithombo yokubuya isebenza ukufaka i-brake, igubu alizibandakanyi ngokukhawuleza nezihlangu.Kufuneka zixinzelelwe kuqala phambi kokuba izihlangu zihambe ziye kwigubu.Iinkqubo ze-Hybrid disc/drum, kwelinye icala, ibhuleki kuphela ngeediski kuxinzelelo lwepedali ekhanyayo.Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokuqhobosha lufuna ivalve ekhethekileyo yokulinganisa ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwehydraulic ukufikelela kwiicaliper zangaphambili de kuwiswe imithombo yokubuya.

Iibrake pads

Zimbini iindidi eziphambili zemigqomo yeziqhoboshi: esisigxina kunye nethambileyo.Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesithuthi, le yokugqibela isetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezinzima.Zombini ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze ekuthinteleni ukutsalwa kwevili-cylinder kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yesithuthi.Iidramu ezilungisiweyo zibonisa i-rotor kunye ne-disc-like shoe-expanders zixhaphake kakhulu kwiimoto.Nangona kunjalo, zombini iindidi zineempawu ezizodwa.

Umzekelo, amagubu okwandisa ngaphakathi anamandla asezantsi okumisa kuneentsimbi kunye nentsimbi.Iibhokisi zegiya ezizisebenzelayo zidla ngokukhetha amagubu azandisa ngaphakathi, ngelixa amagubu ekhethwa kwiibhokisi zezandla.Iziqhoboshi zegubu ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kumavili angasemva ezithuthi, kwaye zincedisana nenkqubo yediski ngaphambili.I-hand-brake yomatshini iyahambelana neziqhoboshi zegubu.

Xa ucinezelwe kwigubu, isihlangu esikhokelayo sihamba ngendlela efanayo negubu, kwaye isihlangu esisemva sihamba kwelinye icala.Esi siphumo saziwa ngokuba yi-servo effect, kwaye inceda izicathulo zicinezele igubhu ngamandla amakhulu.Kwinkqubo ye-brake eqhelekileyo, isicathulo esikhokelayo siqhubela phambili kwicala le-drum, ngelixa isihlangu esisemva sibuyela ngasemva.Ngokubanzi, iziqhoboshi zegubu zifakwe ngasemva kwiimoto zabahambi.

Zeziphi ezona ntlobo zi-2 zixhaphakileyo zegubu zokuqhobosha, kwaye zahluke njani?Ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki, iziqhoboshi kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo.Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokubangela ukonakala kwebrake.I-Brake fade ibangelwa kukushisa kwamalungu e-brake, kunye nendibaniselwano yezi zinto.Imibhobho ye-brake yokwandisa yangaphakathi, umzekelo, inokwandisa ububanzi ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal.Ukuhlawula, izicathulo kufuneka ziqhubele phambili okanye umqhubi kufuneka afake i-pedal pedal kancinane.

I-Santa brake yi-brake disc kunye ne-pads factory e-China eneminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yamava okuvelisa.I-Santa Brake igubungela idiskhi enkulu yebrake kunye neemveliso zeepads.Njengomenzi wediskhi yobuchwephesha bebrake kunye neepads, i-Santa brake inokubonelela ngeemveliso ezilunge kakhulu ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kakhulu.

Kule mihla, i-Santa brake ithumela ngaphandle kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20+ kwaye inabathengi abangaphezu kwama-50+ abonwabileyo kwihlabathi liphela.