I. Isikali semarike yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe
1, Isikali semarike yasekhaya
Ukukhula kwemfuno yentengiso yeebrake pads kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso loshishino lwemoto (imveliso yemoto kunye nobunini bumisela imveliso yeebrake pads, kwaye kukho unxulumano oluqinileyo phakathi kwayo kunye nemveliso yebrake pad kunye nentengiso), kunye nokukhawuleza. uphuhliso loshishino lweemoto lwaseTshayina luya kuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo uphuhliso lwangaxeshanye lwabavelisi bebrake pad.Okokuqala, i-China ngoku inabavelisi beemoto abangaphezu kwama-300 kunye nezityalo ezingaphezulu kwama-600 zohlengahlengiso lweemoto, ezinemveliso yonyaka yeemoto ezimalunga ne-18 lezigidi, kunye nemfuno enkulu yeebrake pads, kunye nemfuno yesizwe yonyaka malunga ne-300 yezigidi zeeseti zebrake. iipads.Imveliso yangaphakathi ka-2010, ixabiso lemveliso kunye nengeniso yentengiso yokungqubana kunye nokutywinwa kwemathiriyeli kuphunyezwe ukukhula okuphindwe kabini, kunye nesiphumo esipheleleyo (ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezigqityiweyo) yeetoni ezingama-875,600, ukunyuka kwama-20.73% unyaka nonyaka.Iyonke imveliso (ngaphandle kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo) ibiziitoni ezingama-875,600, inyuke nge-20.73% unyaka nonyaka;Ixabiso lemveliso lilonke laliyi-16.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, linyuke ngama-28.35% unyaka nonyaka;ingeniso yentengiso yayiyi-16 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, inyuke ngama-30.25% unyaka nonyaka.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini leemoto laseTshayina luya kuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo uphuhliso lwangaxeshanye lwabavelisi beebhuleki zeebhuleki, kwaye luya kuchaphazela imfuno yemalike yekamva yeepakeki zeemoto ukusuka kuyo yomibini imbono yesitokhwe sebrake pad kunye nokwanda.Kwimarike yemasheya, njengoko iibrake pads ziyimveliso esetyenziswayo, ukuphindaphindwa kohlaziyo kukhawuleza, kwaye ubunini bemoto enkulu buya kuvuselela imfuno yeebrake pads kwi-aftermarket yasekhaya;kwangaxeshanye, kwimarike eyongezelekayo, imveliso kunye nendlela yokuthengisa yenza iibrake pads zisafuneka kakhulu kwiimarike ezixhasayo.Ke ngoko, imeko yemali yelizwe jikelele ikhokelele ekuwohlokeni okuzinzileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kwishishini lebrake pad liye lanyamalala ngokuthe ngcembe, iimpawu zokubuyela kushishino ziye zavela, ishishini lebrake pad lingenisa ithuba elikhulu lophuhliso.
Ngokwezibalo, amashishini emveliso yemathiriyeli yaseTshayina angaphezulu kwama-470, kubandakanywa amashishini adibeneyo angama-40 angaphandle kunye namashishini angaphandle ngokupheleleyo.Ubalo lubonisa ukuba ngo-2010, imveliso yezixhobo zokruthakruthwano zaseTshayina imveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezingama-426,000 zeemveliso zezinto zokukhuhlana, ixabiso lemveliso ye-8.53 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-3.18 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan, apho imathiriyeli yokukhuhlana kweemoto ibalelwa kwi-80% iyonke.Ushishino lwezixhobo zokruthakruthwano lwaseTshayina lulonke umgangatho wetekhnoloji yemveliso uphuculwe kakhulu, amanye amashishini aphambili afikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe.
2, ubungakanani bemarike yamazwe ngamazwe
Ngokwezibalo zeWorld Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), ubunini beemoto obukhoyo kwihlabathi buphantse bube zizigidi ezingama-900, kwaye busanyuka ngomyinge wezigidi ezingama-30 ngonyaka, kulindeleke ukuba ngonyaka ka-2020, ubunini beemoto kwihlabathi bufikelele kwi-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi. .
Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA) uqikelelo, ngo-2020, imfuno yemarike ye-automotive brake pad iya kudlula i-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini leemoto laseTshayina kunye neshishini lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zeenqwelo-mafutha, iTshayina iza kuba liziko lokulungisa lehlabathi kunye nendawo yokuthenga kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye abenzi beephedi ze-auto brake baseTshayina baya kuzuza isabelo semarike esingakumbi kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngowama-2010 uhlalutyo lwendlela yokusebenza kwemarike yebrake yehlabathi
(1), eUnited States
NgoDisemba 2010, ukuthengiswa kweemoto kwimarike yase-US kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu lokukhula ukususela ngoDisemba 2009, ukufikelela kwi-7.73 yezigidi zeeyunithi, kunye nokubuyiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemarike ye-auto yase-US, ukukhuthaza iindawo ze-auto zase-US ezixhasa isikali semarike, ngokuhambelana nedatha echaphazelekayo ibonisa ukuba uJanuwari. ukuya kuDisemba 2010, ingeniso yokuthengisa auto brake US $ 6.5 billion, ukwanda 21%.
(2), eJapan
IJapan yenye yezona ndawo ziphezulu ezilishumi zehlabathi ezixhasa imarike yemoto, kuba iJapan iye yaphucula itekhnoloji yezixhobo zemoto kunye nemfuno eyomeleleyo yentengiso ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ngoJanuwari-Disemba 2010 ingeniso yokuthengisa yeemoto zokuqhobosha ifikelele kwi-4.1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka wokukhula. I-13%, iimveliso zayo eziphambili zokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwee-automotive brake pads ezixhasa ukusetyenziswa.
(3), eJamani
Ngokohlalutyo lwedatha egunyazisiweyo efanelekileyo, imveliso yemoto yaseJamani yavuka i-18% ngonyaka ukuya kwiiyunithi ezingama-413,500 ngoDisemba 2010. Imarike yeemoto yasekhaya ithande ukuba ivuthiwe, iteknoloji ye-automotive brake pad iye yaphuhliswa kakhulu, imveliso yasekhaya. kunye neentengiso zemeko ukufezekisa ezimbini ezikhulayo, 2010 i-automotive brake pad January ukuya kuDisemba ukuphumeza ingeniso yentengiso ye-3.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, ukwanda kwe-8%.
Ukwahlulwa kwemveliso
Iipakethi ze-brake zisetyenziselwa ubuninzi kwi-aftermarket yasekhaya: i-95% ye-brake pads e-China isetyenziswe kwi-aftermarket, kunye nenani leesethi ze-95 yezigidi.
Umyinge weebhureki zasekhaya ezixhasa isithuthi siphela uphantsi.Okwangoku, kuphela i-5% yeentengiso zonyaka ezizimeleyo kwishishini le-brake pad ezisetyenziselwa ii-OEM zasekhaya.
Inani pads iziqhoboshi exhasa yonke imoto malunga 5 million iiseti.
Okwangoku, izinto eziqhelekileyo zokukhuhlana zamazwe ngamazwe ziyi-semi-metallic, isinyithi esiphantsi, i-ceramic, izinto eziphilayo ezizintlu ezine, isalathiso sophuhliso kukuvuthwa kwe-semi-metallic formulations, ukuphucula ukwakhiwa kwesinyithi, ukuphuhliswa kwe-NAO formulations.Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, i-asbestos (ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakuthintelwe ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente ngo-1999) iibhuleki ze-brake pads e-China zisenomlinganiselo omkhulu kwezinye iindawo, ngakumbi kwimarike ye-brake pad pad.Ngenxa yokuba imicu yeasbestos iqulethe izinto ezibangela umhlaza, amazwe aliqela ehlabathini atyikitye isivumelwano somanyano wokwala ukusetyenziswa kweasbestos.
Ngokutsho kolwazi olufanelekileyo, kwiimarike zangaphandle, akukho asbestos, isinyithi esincinci, izinto ezisingqongileyo zokusingqongileyo (ezaziwa ngokuba yi-NAO-type friction materials) ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo sele iqalile ukuthengisa intengiso;amanye amazwe eYurophu nase-United States ebekuthintelo lwemathiriyeli yokukhuhlana kwizinto ezinobungozi zentsimbi enzima kunye nomthetho womxholo wobhedu.Kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, umxholo we-asbestos kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi enzima kwimathiriyeli yokukhuhlana iya kuba yimathiriyeli yokurhweba ngaphandle kweYurophu kunye nezithintelo zorhwebo zase-United States.Ke ngoko, akukho ngxolo, akukho luthuthu kunye ne-hub engonakalisiyo, ubomi benkonzo ende, i-braking ekhululekile kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo iimveliso ze-asbestos ze-brake pad, yindlela efanelekileyo yokulandela indlela yophuhliso lwehlabathi.
Umzi-mveliso waseTshayina we-automotive brake pad ujongene neenguqu ezimbini eziphambili zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, iipads zokusingqongileyo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukongezelela ukuhlangabezana nokudodobala kobushushu obuphezulu, isantya esisezantsi sokunxiba, uzinzo lwe-friction coefficient kunye nezinye iimfuno, kufuneka kwakhona zibe nokungcangcazela okuncinci. , ingxolo ephantsi, uthuthu kunye nezinye iimpawu zokusebenza ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ezi zithekhinoloji zokuqulunqa izinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji yokucubungula izinto eziluhlaza, iteknoloji yokulungiselela izinto ezixubeneyo, iteknoloji yoxinzelelo olushushu, iteknoloji yonyango lobushushu kunye nokulandela iteknoloji yoNyango kunye nezinye iimfuno eziphezulu.
Ngokwezibalo zoMbutho we-China Friction kunye ne-Seal Materials Association, amashishini emveliso ye-brake pad yase-China aphantse abe ngama-500 okanye kunjalo, kodwa ngaphezulu kwe-80% yesikali soshishino sincinci.Ngokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lilonke leshishini leemoto laseTshayina, ishishini leemoto liyatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka ekugxininiseni kwixabiso leepakethi zebrake ukuya kugxininiso kumgangatho kunye nomxholo wobugcisa we-brake pads, ukugxila kwintengiso kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula, kwaye ekugqibeleni. ukwakhiwa kwamandla obugcisa bokhuphiswano phakathi kwamashishini.
Njengoko ishishini leemoto laseTshayina laqala kade, imveliso yasekhaya yeemodeli ezikumgangatho ophezulu zeyaseYurophu, eUnited States, eJapan, eMzantsi Korea nakwamanye amazwe, kunye neepakethi zeemoto eziqhotyoshelweyo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokhuseleko, iinkampani ezibizwa ngegama lemoto zinolawulo olungqongqo. phezu kwabo.Ngokwezibalo zoMbutho we-China Friction kunye ne-Seal Materials Association, i-85% yeepads zeemoto zasekhaya zangoku zixhomekeke ekuthengeni ngaphandle, ishishini lasekhaya le-automotive brake pad lingakhuphisana kwimarike ligxile kakhulu kwiibhuleki zeenqwelo-mafutha, imoto encinci enesiphelo esisezantsi. iipake pads kunye micro car brake pads market.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuphuculwa kobugcisa bokwenziwa kwezixhobo zeauto zaseTshayina kunye nohlengahlengiso lwemigaqo-nkqubo yezoshishino yamazwe aphuhlileyo kunye nefuthe leemeko zamaxabiso, ikhonkco lokuthengwa kwempahla lamazwe ngamazwe liya eTshayina.
Ngokweenkcukacha zeNational Bureau of Statistics, imfuno yentengiso yeebrake pads ngo-2010 yayimalunga ne-2.5 yebhiliyoni yeeyuan, ibalwa malunga ne-25% yemarike yebrake pad iyonke.
Okwesithathu, ubume bamashishini asekhaya, iteknoloji kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwemveliso kunye nolunye ulwazi
Okwangoku, umthamo wemveliso kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa lamanye amashishini asekhaya okruthakruthwana kweemoto akufutshane nenqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi, kwaye inani lamashishini aphambili akhula ngokukhawuleza.Nangona umthamo wemveliso kunye nenqanaba lobuchwephesha lamashishini okruthakruthwana kweemoto eTshayina enze inkqubela phambili enkulu, kodwa imigangatho yoshishino isemva kakhulu, nkqu neemfuno zeeOEM zasekhaya azihambelani.Ukubamba isalathiso sobushushu bepleyiti yobuso, umzekelo, iplanti yomkhosi idinga i-300 ℃, ngelixa imigangatho yesizwe ibonelela nge-200 ℃ ifanelekile.Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, uhlaziyo lwemigangatho yelizwe aluzange luqale de kwayiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo.
Omnye umba ophawulekayo kukuba, kwiinkampani zokukhuhlana kweemoto, uphando lwazo oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso lwazo lubonakaliswa ikakhulu kuphando lwentsebenzo yezinto ezidibeneyo.Nangona uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kule minyaka yamva nje, kodwa ngenxa yokuqokelela imali eyinkunzi ebuthathaka, amashishini asekhaya okruthakruthwano lweemoto kwimveliso yenguqu kunye nophando oluzimeleyo kunye notyalo-mali lophuhliso lusezantsi kakhulu kumaqabane angaphandle.Imigangatho yoshishino isemva, iinkampani zebrake pad zinotyalo-mali olulinganiselweyo kuphando nophuhliso, ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto, ishishini lasekhaya le-brake pad kunye namashishini kusenendlela ende ekufuneka iyihambile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-07-2022