I. Imigangatho yangoku yeshishini le-China le-automotive brake lining.
GB5763-2008 Brake Linings for Automobiles
I-GB/T17469-1998 “UVavanyo lweNdlela yokuSebenza ye-Automotive Brake Lining Friction
I-GB/T5766-2006 “iNdlela yoVavanyo loBulukhuni beRockwell kwiiMathiriyeli zokukhuhlana
I-JC/T472-92 “Indibano yebhloko yediskhi ye-Automotive brake kunye ne-drum brake isihlangu indibano yendibano yokucheba indlela yokuvavanya amandla
JC/T527-93 “isixhobo sokutshisa i-vector indlela yovavanyo
I-JC/T528-93 “isixhobo sokuvavanya into enyibilikayo ye-acetone
I-JC/T685-1998 “Indlela yokuvavanya uxinaniso lwemathiriyeli yefriction
I-QC/T472-1999 "Ukuxhathisa i-automotive brake linings kumanzi, amanzi etyuwa, ioyile kunye nendlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-brake fluid
I-QC/T473-1999 “Indlela yovavanyo yangaphakathi yokucheba yamandla ezinto zokuqhawuka zemoto
I-QC/T583-1999 Indlela yovavanyo ye-porosity ebonakalayo ye-automotive brake linings
I-QC/T42-1992 “UVavanyo loMphezulu kunye neziphene zeMathiriyeli ye-Automobile Disc Brake Friction Block emva koVavanyo
Okwesibini, i-brake lining industry standard standard international system.
I-brake yangaphandle, i-lining transmission (ibhloko) kunye nemigangatho yendibano ubukhulu becala i-European series, i-United States series, i-Japan (imigangatho ye-Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association) kunye nochungechunge lwe-ISO, uchungechunge lwe-ISO luphuhliswa ngokukodwa ngokubhekisele kwimigangatho yaseYurophu.
Imigangatho yase-US ikakhulu i-SAE, i-FMVSS, i-AMECA, njl.
Imigangatho yaseYurophu ikakhulu kwimimiselo efana ne-AK (efana ne-AK1, i-AK2, i-AK3, i-AKM), i-ECE (R13, i-R13H, i-R90), i-EEC71/320.
Imigangatho yaseJapan yiJASO kunye neJIS D.
Imigangatho yaseMelika kunye neYurophu ngokusisiseko yahlulwe yaba yinginginya exhasayo efana neFMVSS kwiFMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 kunye ne-AMECA kunye ne-R13, i-R13H kunye ne-ISO11057, imigangatho yokunxiba (emva kwentengiso) efana ne-SAE2430, TP121, R90 kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno ezincinci ze-ECERl3 , njl.
Akukho migangatho enyanzelekileyo e-United States, kodwa kufuneka ivunywe ngaphambi kokuthengiswa, iYurophu kwimarike elawulayo ngaphambi kokuthengiswa kufuneka ibe yisiqinisekiso se-EMARK.
I-ISO15484-2005 (DIS) isekelwe ikakhulu kwiinkcukacha zantlandlolo zehlabathi kwaye ziphuhliswe, ikhankanya i-SAE, i-JASO, i-JIS D, i-ECE R90, kwaye ibonelela ngeemfuno zolawulo lomgangatho, yimigangatho yemathiriyeli yemoto epheleleyo.
Ukusuka kumazwe aphuhlileyo kwiimoto zamazwe ngamazwe kunye namazwe angaphandle, abaluleke kakhulu kwimigangatho ye-brake lining, abe nombutho okhethekileyo oza kuba noxanduva, ngokubhekiselele kwisenzo samazwe ngamazwe, imigangatho ye-brake ye-brake ye-China kufuneka idibaniswe kushishino lweemoto, kunye nokusekwa. yekomitana ekhethekileyo ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini, ukuququzelela ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ezifana.
(1) umbutho we-ISO
I-ISO ye-brake linings enxulumene nemigangatho ye-automotive brake esebenzayo imigangatho ye-21 kunye ne-1 yehlabathi jikelele, kunye nemigangatho ehambelanayo ye-6, imigangatho yayo ye-brake ye-brake ephuhliswe yi-TC22 / SC2 / WG2, iqela layo elisebenzayo le-WG2 le-SC2 kumaqela amahlanu asebenzayo kwiqela elisebenzayo elikhulu, ngenxa yokuba i-brake linings ebandakanyeka kukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya phambili izaliswe ngabasebenzi abaninzi, kwaye iphuhlise imigangatho emithandathu ngokulandelelana.
(2) eYurophu
Inkqubo yomgangatho webrake yebrake yaseYurophu ingummiselo, ephuhliswe yiWP29, WP29 igama elipheleleyo leForam yoLungelelaniso lweMigaqo yeZithuthi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-UN/WP29), ejongene ngokukodwa nemigaqo yeECE kunye nokuphunyezwa kohlaziyo lomsebenzi wo I-WP29 inekomiti yeemoto i-GRRF yokuphuhlisa imimiselo yeemoto, imimiselo ye-brake linening, imigangatho ephuhliswe ngumbutho we-FEMFM.Imimiselo yephedi yeBrake ebandakanya iECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) eJapan
Imigangatho ye-brake yaseJapan yi-JIS kunye ne-JASO, i-JISJ yaseJapan yoPhando lweMigangatho yoShishino loShishino, i-JASO ngumgangatho woshishino lweemoto waseJapan.Imigangatho ye-JIS yaseJapan yeemoto ngoku iyonke ngama-248. I-Automotive brake lining JIS inezinto ezili-13 ezibalelwe kwi-%.
I-Japan Automobile Standardization Organisation (JASO) yamisela umbutho ophilileyo kakhulu, ngokweengcali ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla emise ikomiti yobugcisa ehambelanayo (oko kukuthi, uMphathiswa), kuquka: i-brake, ukhuseleko, i-chassis yomzimba, izixhobo zombane, iinjini, iindawo eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo, izithuthuthu ezinamavili amabini, ukusebenza kwesithuthi;ikomiti yezobuchwephesha nganye kwaye iseke inani elahluka-hlukeneyo leekomiti ze-subtechnical (okt, amacandelwana aya).Enesebe le-brake lining, elenziwe ngeemoto, iinxalenye, umzi-mveliso wezinto zokukhuhlana.Inani elipheleleyo lemigangatho yeJASO yaseJapan ngoku i-297. Phakathi kwabo, kukho i-20 ye-brake linings.I-akhawunti ye %.
(4) eUnited States
Imigangatho yokuqhawula i-US ye-brake ye-American Society of Automotive Engineers (uMbutho weeNjineli zeZithuthi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-SAE) unoxanduva lokuphuhlisa izinto zophando ze-SAE ziimoto, iilori kunye nezithuthi zobunjineli, iinqwelomoya, iinjini, izixhobo kunye nokuvelisa, njl njl. imigangatho ephuhliswe ngabagunyazisiweyo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi lushishino lweemoto kunye namanye amashishini, kunye nenani elikhulu labanye babo bamkelwa njengemigangatho yesizwe yase-United States.Okwangoku, i-SAE inamalungu angaphezu kwama-84,000 kumazwe angama-97 kwaye yongeza okanye ihlaziya ngaphezu kwamaxwebhu angama-600 emigangatho yobunjineli bemigangatho yemoto kunye ne-aerospace minyaka le.Phakathi kwabo, kukho imigangatho ye-17 enxulumene ne-brake linings.
Okwesithathu, ukusuka kwimigangatho engasentla yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nakwamanye amazwe, imigangatho yaseTshayina kunye nemigangatho ephambili yangaphandle inomsantsa omkhulu phakathi.
1, umsebenzi wokulinganisa usemva kwexesha.Imigangatho yemveliso ngamashishini abandakanyeka kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kufuneka ahambelane nowona mthetho uphezulu wobugcisa, kodwa kunye nemiba ephambili enxulumene nenkqubela phambili yobugcisa kunye nophuhliso olunempilo lweshishini.Abasebenzisi abasezantsi boshishino oluya luqina ngakumbi iimeko zokusebenza zezixhobo zokukhuhlana ziyaqhubeka nokubeka phambili iimfuno zobugcisa eziphezulu, ukuze kwenziwe imigangatho yobugcisa ibonise ingcamango yenzululwazi, izikhombisi eziphambili, iimfuno zokusebenza kunye nokulinganisa imarike, ukufezekisa umsebenzi wemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. , kodwa kwakhona kufuneka "uhambe kunye namaxesha", rhoqo okanye ngokungaqhelekanga kwimigangatho emitsha yokwandisa inkcazo kunye nemigangatho emidala Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi.Kodwa ekuhambeni kweminyaka ngenxa yeengxaki zeziko kunye nokunqongophala kwemali, umsebenzi wokulinganisa uye wasala kakhulu emva kwenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso yokwenene, ubunye bemigangatho ekhoyo, igunya lomngeni onzima, kodwa kunye nolawulo lobugcisa bo ishishini kunye nophuhliso lweemarike zamazwe ngamazwe kuzisa ubunzima obuninzi.
I-2, akukho bhuleki, i-lining yokudlulisa (ibhloko) kunye nendibano yenkqubo eqhelekileyo.
I-3, iimfuno ezisemgangathweni okhoyo wobugcisa kunye neendlela zovavanyo zisekho kwisampulu encinci, iimeko zovavanyo ezimileyo, kunye nemigangatho yangaphandle ukulinganisa i-braking yokwenene kunye ne-1: i-1 isithuba sovavanyo lwesampulu sikhulu.
4, ukungxamiseka kokwamkelwa komgangatho.Emva kokungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukubuyela kweTshayina kwi-WTO, isantya sentengiselwano zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe sakhula ngokukhawuleza, uqoqosho lwesizwe lwaseTshayina luyaqhubeka lukhula ngokukhawuleza.Ulungelelwaniso ngokutsha lweziko lwamasebe karhulumente wethu, i-Bureau ye-State Building Materials Bureau yapheliswa.Uhlaziyo lwenkqubo yoshishino lukarhulumente lwagqitywa.Kodwa eyona yunithi yogxininiso yomgangatho webrake pad ayicaciswanga ngokubhekele phaya, okubangele ukuba umsebenzi wokuhlaziya imigangatho yoshishino lwaseTshayina wema ngxi.Kwiminyaka yokugqibela emi-5 ukuya kwe-6, i-brake, i-transmission lining (ibhloko) kunye ne-assembly (izinto zokuqhafaza) ze-ISO, i-JIS, i-JASO, i-SAE, i-FMVSS, i-AK, i-ECE kunye neminye imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemigangatho yangaphandle kunye nemimiselo ehlaziyiweyo rhoqo inguqulelo.Umsantsa phakathi kweTshayina kunye nemigangatho yangaphandle uye wanda kwakhona.Ukuze ukulungelelaniswa nophuhliso loqoqosho lwemarike yasekhaya kunye namazwe ngamazwe, ukomeleza ngcono utshintshiselwano lwezorhwebo kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwe-brake yesizwe, i-transmission lining (ibhloko) kunye nendibano (izinto zokungqubuzana) ukulinganisa ikomiti ye-subtechnical iye yaba ngokungxamisekileyo, eyiyo ngoku ibrake, i-transmission lining (ibhloko) kunye nomsebenzi woshishino wokuhlanganisa kwindawo ephambili yaseTshayina.
I-5, iimveliso ze-brake, nangona kukho imigangatho yelizwe, imigangatho yoshishino, imigangatho yangaphandle ehambele phambili inoluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-ISO, i-SAE, i-JASO kunye ne-ECER yaseYurophu, imimiselo ye-EEC, njl. , engabangeli inxaxheba kwimveliso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nenkqubo ekhoyo esemgangathweni ayivakalanga, kukho imigangatho yemethodological engaphezulu ayifezekanga.Imigangatho yemveliso yeSizwe kwizinga eliphantsi, okubangela ukhuphiswano olungahambi kakuhle kwishishini, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zamashishini, ubugcisa bemveliso eyahlukeneyo, ezinye iindlela zokuvavanya azihlangabezani neemfuno zemveliso, ezinye kufuneka ziphuculwe.
I-6, amashishini adumileyo avelisa izixhobo zokungqubuzana kumazwe ngamazwe aquka iTMD, Pfeiffer, Morse, Aki Polo, njl. njl., ishishini ngalinye liyi-100% yemveliso yezinto zokungqubana kweemoto, intengiso yonyaka ingaphezulu kwe-5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho ye-SAE esisiseko. Imimiselo ye-J kunye ne-ECE kunye nemigangatho ye-AK.
Okwesine, amaziko ovavanyo lwebrake ekhoyo yaseTshayina.
Amaziko akhoyo esizwe afanelekileyo ovavanyo lwezixhobo zokukhuhlana kwiZiko leSizwe lovavanyo lweemveliso zezimbiwa ezingezizo ezentsimbi, iZiko leSizwe loVavanyo lweeNdawo zoVavanyo (Changchun);amanye amanqanaba ephondo yi-Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Centre, i-Hubei, i-Shandong, i-Fujian, i-Gansu, i-Chongqing, njl., eyaqhuba ishishini langaphambili le-Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Centre, ishishini lisengcono kuneZiko leSizwe leemveliso zeminerali ezingezizo ezentsimbi. uvavanyo (Xianyang).
V. China ekhoyo ibhuleki linings izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nemigangatho
China ekhoyo brake linings imigangatho esebenzayo kwaye kunyanzelekile kuphela GB5763-1998.
Ukuphindaphindwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya iiyunithi zihlupheke kakhulu, ngenxa yomatshini wokuvavanya isantya esisisigxina sisixhobo esingaqhelekanga, ngakumbi nge-disk material yokuvavanya ayifani, i-arhente yokuvavanya yephondo kumatshini wokuvavanya ayilingani okanye isixhobo kuphela. ukulinganisa, kunye nabaqhubi abaqeqeshwanga ngokukodwa, iisampulu zovavanyo zobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ukugawula kokuqala akugqitywanga, ulawulo lobushushu alukho endaweni, isantya somatshini wokuvavanya sahlukile, sidityaniswa nabavelisi abahlukeneyo bomatshini wokuvavanya, impazamo yomatshini wokuvavanya ukuya kwi-15-30% (kuthelekiso lonyaka lovavanyo kunye nothelekiso lweplanti yomkhosi), abavelisi bomatshini bokuvavanya ngaphandle kwelayisenisi ye-metrology, njl. njl ukufumana iziphumo ziya kufana.
USanta ngumvelisi ochwepheshile wokwenza iipakeki zeemoto kunye neediski eTshayina, uneminyaka eli-15 yamava aqokelelweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-07-2022