Iibrake padszizinto ezixutywayo ezigxininiswe kwi-drum ye-brake okanye i-disc ejikelezayo kunye nevili, apho i-friction lining kunye ne-friction lining block iphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphandle ukuvelisa i-friction ukufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa isithuthi.
Ibhloko yokukhuhlana yimpahla etyhalwa yipiston ebambezelayo kwaye icinezelweidiskhi yebhuleki, ngenxa yempembelelo ye-friction, ibhloko ye-friction iya kugqithwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, ixabiso eliphantsi lee-brake pads linxiba ngokukhawuleza.Ibhloko ye-friction yohlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-friction material kunye ne-base plate.Emva kokuba i-friction material igugile, i-plate yesiseko iya kuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-disc ye-brake, eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ilahlekelwe yimpembelelo ye-braking kwaye yonakalise i-disc ye-brake, kwaye iindleko zokulungisa i-disc ye-brake zibiza kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, iimfuno ezisisiseko ze-brake pads ikakhulu ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, i-coefficient enkulu ye-friction, kunye neempawu ezigqwesileyo zokugquma kwe-thermal.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhobosha iipads zinokwahlulwa zibe: idrum brake pads kunye ne disc brake pads, ngokutsho kwizinto ezahlukeneyo iibrake pads zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi ngohlobo lwe asbestos, uhlobo lwesemi-metallic, uhlobo lweNAO (okt non-asbestos organic material type) iziqhoboshi pads kunye nezinye ezintathu.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yale mihla, njengamanye amacandelo enkqubo yebrake, iipakethi zebrake ngokwazo ziye zaguquka kwaye zitshintsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa yemveli, izinto ezixubeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwii-brake pads ngumxube we-adhesives ezahlukeneyo okanye izongezo, apho iifibers zongezwa ukuze ziphucule amandla abo kwaye zisebenze njengokuqiniswa.Abavelisi be-brake pad bavame ukugcina imilomo yabo ivaliwe xa kuziwa kwisibhengezo sezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngokukodwa ukuqulunqwa okutsha.Umphumo wokugqibela we-brake pad braking, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nezinye iimpawu ziya kuxhomekeka kwimilinganiselo ehambelanayo yamacandelo ahlukeneyo.Oku kulandelayo yingxubusho emfutshane yezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-brake pad.
Iibhuleki zohlobo lwe-asbestos
I-asbestos isetyenzisiwe njengento yokuqinisa i-brake pads ukususela ekuqaleni.Iifiber ze-asbestos zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ngoko banokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-brake pads kunye ne-clutch discs kunye ne-linings.Iintsinga zinamandla aphezulu okuxinana, ade angqamane nalawo entsimbi yodidi oluphezulu, kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma 316°C.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, i-asbestos ayibizi kakhulu kwaye ikhutshwe kwi-amphibole ore, efumaneka ngobuninzi kumazwe amaninzi.
I-asbestos ibonakaliswe ngokwezonyango ukuba yinto ebangela umhlaza.Iintsinga zayo ezifana nenaliti zinokungena lula emiphungeni kwaye zihlale apho, zibangele ukucaphuka kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhokelele kumhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa ixesha elifihlakeleyo lesi sifo linokuba yiminyaka eyi-15-30, ngoko abantu bahlala bengawuboni umonakalo obangelwa iasbestos.
Logama nje iifibers ze-asbestos ziqingqwe yi-friction material ngokwayo aziyi kubangela ingozi yezempilo kubasebenzi, kodwa xa iifibers ze-asbestos zikhutshwa kunye ne-brake friction ukuze zenze uthuli lwe-brake, lunokuba luluhlu lweziphumo zempilo.
Ngokweemvavanyo ezenziwa yi-American Occupational Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA), rhoqo xa uvavanyo lwe-friction lwesiqhelo luqhutywa, i-brake pads iya kuvelisa izigidi ze-asbestos fibers eziphuma emoyeni, kwaye iifibers zincinci kakhulu kuneenwele zomntu. nto leyo engenakubonwa ngeliso lenyama, ngoko ke umoya unokufunxa amawaka eentsinga ze-asbestos ngaphandle kokuba abantu bazi.Ngokufanayo, ukuba igubu brake okanye izahlulo iziqhoboshi eluthulini brake wavuthelwa kude nge hose umoya, unakho kwakhona ezingenakubalwa imicu yeasbestos emoyeni, kwaye ezi uthuli, hayi kuphela kuya kuchaphazela impilo umkhandi umsebenzi, okufanayo kuya kubangela kwakhona. Umonakalo wezempilo kuye nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi okhoyo.Kwaneminye imisebenzi elula kakhulu efana nokubetha igubu lebrake ngehamile ukuyikhulula kwaye ukhuphe uthuli lwebrake yangaphakathi, inokuvelisa imicu yeasbestos eninzi edada emoyeni.Eyona nto ixhalabisa ngakumbi kukuba xa iintsinga zidada emoyeni ziyakuhlala iiyure kwaye emva koko ziya kuncamathela kwimpahla, iitafile, izixhobo, nakuwo wonke omnye umphezulu onokuthi ucinge ngawo.Naliphi na ixesha abadibana nokuvuselela (njengokucoca, ukuhamba, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-pneumatic ukuvelisa ukuhamba komoya), baya kudada emoyeni kwakhona.Rhoqo, xa esi sixhobo singena kwindawo yokusebenza, siya kuhlala apho kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka, sibangele iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zempilo kubantu abasebenza apho kunye nakubathengi.
I-American Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) iphinda ithi kukhuselekile kuphela ukuba abantu basebenze kwindawo engenanto engaphezu kwe-0.2 ye-asbestos fibers kwi-square meter, kwaye uthuli lwe-asbestos olusuka kumsebenzi wokulungisa iziqhoboshi kufuneka luncitshiswe kwaye lusebenze. oko kunokubangela ukukhululwa kothuli (njengokucofa i-brake pads, njl.) kufuneka kuphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kodwa ukongeza kwinkalo yengozi yezempilo, kukho enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo ngeepakethi ze-asbestos-based brake.Ekubeni i-asbestos i-adiabatic, i-thermal conductivity yayo imbi kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-brake kuya kubangela ukuba ubushushu bukhule kwi-brake pad.Ukuba i-brake pads ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile lobushushu, iibhuleki ziya kusilela.
Xa abavelisi bezithuthi kunye nababoneleli bezinto eziqholiweyo begqibe ekubeni baphuhlise iindlela ezintsha nezikhuselekileyo ze-asbestos, izinto ezintsha zokukhuhlana zadalwa phantse ngaxeshanye.Le yimixube "ye-semi-metallic" kunye ne-non-asbestos organic (NAO) iibrake pads ezixoxwe ngezantsi.
"Semi-metallic" i-hybrid brake pads
"I-semi-met" i-pads ye-brake yomxube yenziwa ikakhulu ngoboya bentsimbi erhabaxa njengefayibha eqinisayo kunye nomxube obalulekileyo.Ukusuka kwinkangeleko (iintsinga ezintle kunye namasuntswana) kulula ukwahlula uhlobo lwe-asbestos ukusuka kwi-non-asbestos organic type (NAO) i-brake pads, kwaye nazo ziyimagnethi kwindalo.
Amandla aphezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity yoboya bensimbi yenza "i-semi-metallic" i-brake pads edibeneyo eneempawu ezahlukeneyo zokuqhawula kuneepads ze-asbestos eziqhelekileyo.Umxholo wetsimbi ophezulu uphinda utshintshe iimpawu ze-friction ye-brake pad, ngokuqhelekileyo ithetha ukuba "i-semi-metallic" i-brake pad idinga uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-braking ukufezekisa umphumo ofanayo wokuqhawula.Isiqulatho sesinyithi esiphakamileyo, ngakumbi kubushushu obubandayo, sikwathetha ukuba iipads ziya kubangela ukunxiba okuphezulu komphezulu kwiidiski okanye iidramu, kunye nokuvelisa ingxolo eninzi.
Inzuzo ephambili ye "Semi-metal" i-brake pads yikhono labo lokulawula ubushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-braking, xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ophantsi wokuhanjiswa kobushushu bohlobo lwe-asbestos kunye nokupholisa okungahambi kakuhle kweediski ze-brake kunye neegubhu.Ukushisa kudluliselwa kwi-caliper kunye namacandelo ayo.Ewe, ukuba obu bushushu abuphathwa kakuhle bunokubangela iingxaki.Ubushushu be-brake fluid buya kunyuka xa bushushu, kwaye ukuba ubushushu bufikelela kwinqanaba elithile buya kubangela ukuba i-brake icuthe kwaye i-brake fluid ibile.Lo bushushu bubuye bube nefuthe kwi-caliper, i-piston seal kunye ne-spring spring, eya kukhawuleza ukuguga kwezi nxalenye, isizathu sokudibanisa i-caliper kunye nokutshintsha iindawo zetsimbi ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-brake.
Izinto ezingezizo i-asbestos organic braking (NAO)
Izinto ze-non-asbestos ze-organic brake ikakhulu zisebenzisa ifayibha yeglasi, ifayibha ye-polycool enevumba elimnandi okanye ezinye iifiber (ikhabhoni, i-ceramic, njl.njl.) njengezinto zokuqinisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo lwefayibha kunye neminye imixube eyongeziweyo.
Izinto ezingezizo i-asbestos organic brake zaphuhliswa ikakhulu njengenye indlela yeekristale ze-asbestos zamagubu ebrake okanye izihlangu zeziqhoboshi, kodwa mva nje ziyazanywa njengokutshintsha iipakethi zediskhi zangaphambili.Ngokwendlela yokusebenza, i-NAO uhlobo lwe-brake pads lusondele kwi-asbestos brake pads kune-semi-metallic brake pads.Ayinayo i-thermal conductivity efanayo kunye nokulawulwa kakuhle kobushushu obuphezulu njengeepads ze-semi-metallic.
Injani imathiriyeli ekrwada ye-NAO entsha xa ithelekiswa ne-asbestos brake pads?Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kwi-asbestos-based friction ziqulathe isiseko se-5 ukuya kwesixhenxe semixube, ebandakanya iintsinga ze-asbestos zokuqinisa, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezongezelelweyo, kunye nezibophelelo ezifana neoli ye-linseed, i-resins, i-benzene sound awakening, kunye ne-resins.Xa kuthelekiswa, izinto zokukhuhlana ze-NAO ziqulethe malunga neshumi elinesixhenxe leekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zentonga, kuba ukususa i-asbestos akufani nje nokuyifaka endaweni enye, kodwa kunoko kufuna umxube omkhulu wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-braking elingana okanye edlula ukusebenza kwe-braking ye-asbestos friction blocks.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2022